Das Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ( ISC ) ist eine US-amerikanische Non-Profit-Organisation, die die Infrastruktur des universellen, selbstorganisierenden Internets durch die Entwicklung und Wartung von Kernsoftware, Protokollen und Betriebsabläufen in Produktionsqualität unterstützt. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ISC hat mehrere Schlüsseltechnologien für das Internet entwickelt , darunter BIND , ISC DHCP und Kea . Weitere Softwareprojekte, die nicht mehr aktiv weiterentwickelt werden, sind OpenReg und ISC AFTR (eine Implementierung eines IPv4/IPv6-Übergangsprotokolls basierend auf Dual-Stack Lite ).

ISC betreibt einen der 13 globalen autoritativen DNS- Root-Server, F-Root . [ 3 ] [ 4 ]

Im Laufe der Jahre wurden unter der Schirmherrschaft des ISC zahlreiche weitere Softwaresysteme betrieben (z. B. INN und Lynx ), um die Internetinfrastruktur besser zu unterstützen. Das ISC erweiterte seine Aktivitäten zudem um Internet-Hosting-Einrichtungen für andere Open-Source-Projekte wie NetBSD , XFree86 und kernel.org , einen sekundären Namensdienst (SNS) für über 50 Top-Level-Domains sowie ein DNS-OARC (Operations, Analysis and Research Center) zur Überwachung und Berichterstattung über das DNS des Internets.

ISC ist aktiv am Community-Designprozess beteiligt; es verfasst und beteiligt sich an der Entwicklung der IETF -Standards, einschließlich der Erstellung von verwalteter Open-Source-Software, die als Referenzimplementierung des DNS verwendet wird. [ 5 ]

ISC finanziert sich hauptsächlich durch den Verkauf von technischen Supportverträgen für seine Open-Source-Software. [ 6 ]

Geschichte

Originally the company was founded as the Internet Software Consortium, Inc. The founders included Paul Vixie, Rick Adams and Carl Malamud. The corporation was intended to continue the development of BIND software. The founders believed that it was necessary that BIND's maintenance and development be managed and funded by an independent organization. ISC was designated as a root name server operator by IANA, originally as NS.ISC.ORG and later as F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.[7]

In January 2004, ISC reorganized under the new name Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.[8]

In July 2013, ISC spun off the Security Business Unit to Farsight Security, Inc. a new company started by ISC founder Paul Vixie.[9]

In early 2020, ISC closed its headquarters in Redwood City, California and moved its operations to Newmarket, New Hampshire.[10]

Open Source

ISC develops and maintains open source networking software, including BIND and two DHCP implementations: ISC DHCP and Kea DHCP. ISC also distributes INN and several older, unmaintained projects.[1] Some early aspects of its software were developed by developers that were commercially employed by Nominum, amongst others.[11]

ISC license

ISC developed and used the ISC license, which is functionally similar to the simplified BSD and MIT licenses. The ISC license is OpenBSD's preferred license for new code.[12]

All current versions of ISC-hosted software are available under the Mozilla Public License 2.0.[13]

DNS root server

ISC operates the DNS "F" root server,[1] the first such server to be distributed using anycast. In 2007 it was announced that ISC and ICANN would sign an agreement regarding the operation of F, the first such agreement made between ICANN and a root-server operator.[14]

Usenet moderators list

ISC maintains and publishes (on ftp.isc.org) the central Usenetmoderators list and relays for moderated groups, so individual server operators don't have to track moderator changes.[15]

Internet Domain Survey

Number of Internet hosts worldwide in 1970–2015[16]

The Internet Domain Survey searched the Domain Name System (DNS) to discover every Internet host. The survey began when only a few hundred hosts were Internet-linked.[17] The earliest published reports, dated 1993, were performed by Network Wizards owner Mark K. Lottor. The Internet host count was 1313000 in January 1993 and 1062660523 in the January 2017 survey.[18]

ISC ended its sponsorship and publication of the Internet Domain Survey in 2019.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ abc"The History of ISC". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  2. ^Internal Revenue Service (2007-12-15). "501(c)(3) exemption letter". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
  3. ^"F-Root". Internet Systems Consortium. 10 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-09-05. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  4. ^"Milestone Agreement Reached Between ICANN, and F Root Server Operator, Internet Systems Consortium". ICANN. Archived from the original on 2019-12-13. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  5. ^"IETF Standards Written by ISC Contributors". Internet Systems Consortium. ISC. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  6. ^"2019 ISC Annual Report"(PDF). ISC. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  7. ^"Root Servers". IANA. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. Retrieved 2026-04-17.
  8. ^"ISC Mission". Internet Systems Consortium. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  9. ^"ISC Spins Off Its Security Business Unit". Internet Systems Consortium. 2 July 2013. Archived from the original on 2020-09-05. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  10. ^"ISC 2019 Year in Review". Internet Systems Consortium. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  11. ^"Nominum Inc history". Archived from the original on 2008-12-20. Retrieved 2008-12-04. David Conrad founded Nominum in 1999 to develop BIND9 and ISC DHCP3 for the Internet Software Consortium
  12. ^"OpenBSD: Copyright Policy". openbsd.org. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  13. ^"ISC Software Licenses". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  14. ^"Milestone Agreement Reached Between ICANN, and F Root Server Operator, Internet Systems Consortium". ICANN. Archived from the original on 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  15. ^Usenet Hierarchy FAQ Section 4.
  16. ^"Internet host count history". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  17. ^"ISC Internet Domain Survey". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original on 2008-11-17. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
  18. ^"Internet Domain Survey, January 2017". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original on 2024-06-25. Retrieved 2017-02-14.
  19. ^"ISC ends Internet Domain Survey". Internet Systems Consortium. 26 August 2019. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  • ISC Official site