Jules Marchal (1924 - 21 June 2003) was a Belgian diplomat and historian, who wrote extensively on the history of colonial exploitation in the Belgian Congo. Originally writing in Dutch, under the pseudonym A. M. Delathuy, he later published studies in French under his own name.[1]Adam Hochschild, in his bestselling King Leopold's Ghost, praised Marchal's work as "the best scholarly overview by far, encyclopedic in scope".[2]
In the mid-1970s, Marchal first read that it was believed in the Anglo-Saxon world that under Leopold II half of the native population had perished, approximately ten million people[3] He went to do archival research to debunk this, but on the contrary he came across truths about the reign of terror that were previously unknown to him. Towards the end of his career, he began to publish a steady stream of bulky studies on the subject.
Marchal, for his part, considered the work of Belgian historians on the colonial period law-abiding and respectable. They avoided tricky issues, leaving the field empty for a non-academic like himself: "Everything I write is new. My books are based on archives that have never been consulted by anyone, never used by other historians.[4] According to Marchal, this was the reason why Jan Vansina, approached by Hochschild with the question of whom to contact, did not refer him to classical authorities such as Jean Stengers or Jean-Luc Vellut, but to the outsider from Limburg.[5] Vellut called Marchal's work "Grueulgeschichte [sic] in all its glory" and stated that its tireless author enumerated crime after crime but never came to an explanation.[6]
Works
- E. D. Morel tegen Leopold II en de Kongostaat, 1985. French edition, 1996.
- Jezuïeten in Kongo met zwaard en kruis, 1986
- De Kongostaat van Leopold II : het verloren paradijs, 1876-1900, 1988. French edition, 1992.
- De Geheime documentatie van de Onderzoekscommissie in de Kongostaat, 1988
- Missie en staat in Oud-Kongo, 1880-1914: witte paters, scheutisten en jezuïeten, 1992
- Zwangsarbeit in den Gold- und Kupferminen: Eine Geschichte des Kongo unter belgischer Herrschaft, 1910-1945 , 2003. Übersetzt von Ayi Kwei Armah aus dem Französischen Travail forcé pour le cuivre et pour l'or , 1999.
- Lord Leverhulmes Geister: Koloniale Ausbeutung im Kongo , 2008. Übersetzt von Martin Thom aus dem Französischen Travail forcé pour l'huile de palme de Lord Leverhulme . Einleitung von Adam Hochschild .
Referenzen
- ^ Guy Vanthemsche (2006). „Die Geschichtsschreibung des belgischen Kolonialismus im Kongo“. In: Csaba Lévai (Hrsg.). Europa und die Welt in der europäischen Geschichtsschreibung . PLUS-Pisa University Press. S. 103. ISBN 978-88-8492-403-2Abgerufen am 18. April 2013 .
- ^ Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja (3. Mai 2002). Der Kongo: Von Leopold bis Kabila: Eine Volksgeschichte . Zed-Bücher. P. 56. ISBN 978-1-84277-053-5Abgerufen am 18. April 2013 .
- ^ Poursuite du travail forcé après Léopold II , Toudi , Nr. 42-43, Dezember 2001 – Januar 2002
- ^ Jules Marchal über Dwangarbeid in Kongo , Het Belang van Limburg , 23. März 2002
- ^ Poursuite du travail forcé après Léopold II , Toudi , Nr. 42-43, Dezember-Januar 2001-2002
- ^ Jean-Luc Vellut , Jan Vansina zur belgischen Geschichtsschreibung Afrikas: Im Kontext eines Bombenangriffs. Eine Antwort auf „Geschichte im Angesicht der Gegenwart: Ein Interview mit Jan Vansina“ , H-Africa , 31. Januar 2002
Weiterführende Literatur
- Spaas, Lieve (2014). „Ein verborgenes Trauma: Der Fall Jules Marchal“. In: Stroinska, Magda; Cecchetto, Vikki; Szymanski, Kate (Hrsg.). Das Unsagbare: Traumaerzählungen . Peter-Lang: Frankfurt am Main. ISBN 978-3-653-98418-7Die
