Der Bundesstaat Guanabara ( portugiesisch : Estado da Guanabara , IPA: [ɡwɐnaˈbaɾɐ] ) war von 1960 bis 1975 ein Bundesstaat Brasiliens , zu dem auch die Stadt Rio de Janeiro gehörte . Er wurde nach der Guanabara-Bucht im Osten des Bundesstaates benannt. [ 1 ] Er entstand aus dem Gebiet des alten Bundesdistrikts, nachdem die Hauptstadt von Rio de Janeiro nach Brasília verlegt und ein neuer Bundesdistrikt um die neue Hauptstadt errichtet worden war. 1975 wurde der Bundesstaat Guanabara mit dem angrenzenden Bundesstaat Rio de Janeiro zusammengelegt , innerhalb dessen sein Gebiet zur Stadt Rio de Janeiro wurde.

Geschichte

In 1834, the city of Rio de Janeiro was elevated to Imperial capital of the Empire of Brazil, and was included in the Neutral Municipality (Portuguese: Município Neutro). The surrounding Province of Rio de Janeiro (which did not include the city) had its capital city in Niterói. When Brazil became a republic in 1889, the city of Rio de Janeiro remained the national capital, and the territory of the Neutral Municipality became the Federal District (Portuguese: Distrito Federal), while the surrounding homonymous province became a state, still with Niterói as its capital.

In 1960 the Fourth Brazilian Republic moved the national capital to Brasília and a new Federal District was created for it. The old Federal District became a state, named Guanabara.[1]

Throughout its 15-year existence, Guanabara was a unique state in many ways. Comprising only one city (albeit a large one), Guanabara was the smallest Brazilian state by land. It also had the peculiarity of being the only Brazilian state that was not divided into municipalities. There was no mayor, municipal legislature or any other municipal government institution there, as the city of Rio de Janeiro was directly administered by the state government of Guanabara. On the other hand, that also meant that the Guanabara state government had some functions that were normally assigned to municipalities elsewhere, such as regulating urban zoning, inspecting the safety of buildings, or issuing licenses for commercial venues, for example.

All the characteristics disappeared in 1975, when the military dictatorship merged the state of Guanabara into the state of Rio de Janeiro. (Legally, the merger dissolved both Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro, creating a new state, also named Rio de Janeiro.) The capital of the reconstituted state of Rio de Janeiro was changed from Niterói back to the city of Rio de Janeiro, as had been the case until 1834.

Electoral history

In gubernatorial elections held on 3 October 1965, Francisco Negrão de Lima, a candidate supported by a coalition formed by PTB and PSD and a close associate of former President Juscelino Kubitschek, won the race to be the state's governor, garnering 52% of the votes cast.[2]

References

  1. ^ abFranco, Paulo (2014). Diversity – The Brazilian Essence: Knowing Brazil By the Culture of Their People. pp. 47–49. ISBN 9781483412559Abgerufen am 3. Januar 2018 .
  2. ^ Alves, Maria Helena Moreira (1985). Staat und Opposition im militärisch geprägten Brasilien . The University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292761391Abgerufen am 3. Januar 2018 .