Purshia (bitterbrush or cliff-rose) is a small genus of 5–8 species of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae which are native to western North America.

Description

Purshia species form deciduous or evergreenshrubs, typically reaching 0.3–5 metres (1–16+1⁄2 feet) tall. The leaves are 1–3 centimetres (1⁄2–1+1⁄4 inches) long, deeply three- to five-lobed, with revolute margins. The flowers are 1–2 cm in diameter, with five white to pale yellow or pink petals and yellow stamens. The fruit is a cluster of dry, slender, leathery achenes which are 2–6 cm long. The roots have nodules that host nitrogen-fixingFrankia bacterium.[1]

Taxonomy

Taxonomic history

The genus was originally placed in the subfamily Rosoideae.[2] In the past, the evergreen species were treated separately in the genus Cowania; this genus is still accepted by some botanists.

Modern classification

The classification of Purshia within the family Rosaceae has been unclear.[3][4] It is now placed in the subfamily Dryadoideae.[2]

Species

Purshia comprises the following species:[5][6]

  • Purshia ericifolia(Torr. ex A.Gray) Henr. – Heath cliffrose (Texas)
  • Purshia glandulosaCurran – Desert bitterbrush (Nevada, Utah, Arizona)
  • Purshia mexicana(D.Don) Henr. – Mexican cliffrose (Mexico, Arizona)
  • Purshia pinkavaeSchaack – Pinkava's cliffrose (Arizona)
  • Purshia plicata(D.Don) Henrard (syn. Cowania plicata) – Antelope bush (Nuevo León, Mexico).
  • Purshia stansburyana(Torr.) Henr. – Stansbury cliffrose (Idaho south to California, Arizona and New Mexico)
  • Purshia tridentata(Pursh) DC. – Antelope bitterbrush (British Columbia south to California and New Mexico)

Hybrids

The following hybrid has been described:[5]

  • Purshia × subintegra(Kearney) Henr. (P. pinkavae × P. stansburyana) – (Arizona)

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species and hybrids is unresolved:[5]

  • Purshia ciliataDennst.
  • Purshia mollis Lehm.
  • Purshia plicata(D.Don) Henr.
  • Purshia subintegra(Kearney) Henrickson

Distribution and habitat

The genus is native to western North America, where the species grow in dry climates from southeast British Columbia, Canada, south throughout the western United States to northern Mexico.

References

  1. ^Swensen, S.M.; Mullin, B.C. (1997). "The impact of molecular systematics on hypotheses for the evolution of root nodule symbioses and implications for expanding symbioses to new host plant genera". Plant and Soil. 194 (1–2): 185–192. doi:10.1023/A:1004240004063.
  2. ^ abPotter, D.; Eriksson, T.; Evans, R.C.; Oh, S.; Smedmark, J.E.E.; Morgan, D.R.; Kerr, M.; Robertson, K.R.; Arsenault, M.; Dickinson, T.A.; Campbell, C.S. (2007). "Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266 (1–2): 5–43. Bibcode:2007PSyEv.266....5P. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9.
  3. ^ Morgan, DR; Soltis, DE; Robertson, KR (1994). „Systematische und evolutionäre Implikationen der rbcL-Sequenzvariation in Rosaceae“. American Journal of Botany . 81 (7): 890–903 . doi : 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1994.tb15570.x . JSTOR 2445770 . 
  4. ^ Eriksson, T.; Hibbs, MS; Yoder, AD; Delwiche, CF; Donoghue, MJ (2003). „Die Phylogenie der Rosoideae (Rosaceae) basierend auf Sequenzen der internen transkribierten Spacer (ITS) der nukleären ribosomalen DNA und der trnL/F-Region der Chloroplasten-DNA“. International Journal of Plant Sciences . 164 (2): 197–211 . doi : 10.1086/346163 .
  5. ^ a b c „Der Eintrag zu Purshia in The Plant List “ . The Plant List , Bd. 1.1 . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew und Missouri Botanical Garden . September 2013. Abgerufen am 15. Dezember 2020 .
  6. ^ Govaerts R. " Purshia DC. ex Poir" . Plants of the World Online . Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Abgerufen am 15. Dezember 2020 .